A fatwā (Arabic: فتوى‎‎) is a legal opinion or learned interpretation given by a Sheikhul Islam, qualified jurist, or mufti on issues related to Islamic Law. This opinion is usually issued in response to specific questions or issues, often brought forward by an individual or judge, to clarify matters where Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) is unclear.

Such uncertainty often arises as Muslim societies address new challenges, particularly as technology and social norms evolve. For example, questions like, "Can a Muslim be involved in cloning?" are subject to fatwās.

A fatwā can be compared to a legal ruling from a high court or the Supreme Court, depending on the authority of the mufti issuing it. However, unlike secular court rulings, a fatwā is not binding. While it offers guidance for the Muslim community and is considered correct by Islamic standards, respecting or following a fatwā is optional for the individual.